Cyanocobalamin Information
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin)
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Description:
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Injection, USP is a sterile solution of Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Each mL contains 1000 mcg Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) .
Each vial also contains Sodium Chloride, 0.9%. Benzyl Alcohol, 1.5%, is present as a preservative. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added during manufacture to adjust the pH (range 4.5-7.0).
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) appears as dark red crystals or as an amorphous or crystalline red powder. It is very hygroscopic in the anhydrous form, and sparingly soluble in water (1:80). It is stable to autoclaving for short periods at 121°C. The vitamin B coenzymes are very unstable in light.
The chemical name is 5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazolyl cyanocobamide; the molecular formula is CHCoNOP. The cobalt content is 4.34%. The molecular weight is 1355.39.
The structural formula is represented below.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Clinical Pharmacology:
Vitamin B is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) is quantitatively and rapidly absorbed from intramuscular and subcutaneous sites of injection; the plasma level of the compound reaches its peak within 1 hour after intramuscular injection. Absorbed vitamin B is transported via specific B binding proteins, transcobalamin I and II to the various tissues. The liver is the main organ for vitamin B storage.
Within 48 hours after injection of 100 or 1000 mcg of vitamin B, 50 to 98% of the injected dose may appear in the urine. The major portion is excreted within the first eight hours. Intravenous administration results in even more rapid excretion with little opportunity for liver storage.
Gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B depends on the presence of sufficient intrinsic factor and calcium ions. Intrinsic factor deficiency causes pernicious anemia, which may be associated with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Prompt parenteral administration of vitamin B prevents progression of neurologic damage.
The average diet supplies about 5 to 15 mcg/day of vitamin B in a protein-bound form that is available for absorption after normal digestion. Vitamin B is not present in foods of plant origin, but is abundant in foods of animal origin. In people with normal absorption, deficiencies have been reported only in strict vegetarians who consume no products of animal origin (including no milk products or eggs).
Vitamin B is bound to intrinsic factor during transit through the stomach; separation occurs in the terminal ileum in the presence of calcium, and vitamin B enters the mucosal cell for absorption. It is then transported by the transcobalamin binding proteins. A small amount (approximately 1% of the total amount ingested) is absorbed by simple diffusion, but this mechanism is adequate only with very large doses. Oral absorption is considered too undependable to rely on in patients with pernicious anemia or other conditions resulting in malabsorption of vitamin B.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) is the most widely used form of vitamin B, and has hematopoietic activity apparently identical to that of the antianemia factor in purified liver extract. Hydroxycobalamin is equally as effective as Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) , and they share the cobalamin molecular structure.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Indications And Usage:
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) is indicated for vitamin B deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions:
It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug Interaction), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) .
Requirements of vitamin B in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Injection, USP is also suitable for the vitamin B absorption test ().
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Contraindications:
Sensitivity to cobalt and/or vitamin B is a contraindication.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Warnings:
Patients with early Leber's disease (hereditary optic nerve atrophy) who were treated with Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) suffered severe and swift optic atrophy.
Hypokalemia and sudden death may occur in severe megaloblastic anemia which is treated intensely.
Anaphylactic shock and death have been reported after parenteral vitamin B administration. An intradermal test dose is recommended before Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Injection, USP is administered to patients suspected of being sensitive to this drug.
This product contains Benzyl Alcohol. Benzyl Alcohol has been reported to be associated with a fatal "Gasping Syndrome" in premature infants.
This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired.
Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Precautions:
General Precautions:
Doses of Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) exceeding 10 mcg daily may produce hematologic response in patients with folate deficiency. Indiscriminate administration may mask the true diagnosis.
Information for Patients:
A vegetarian diet which contains no animal products (including milk products or eggs) does not supply any vitamin B. Patients following such a diet, should be advised to take oral vitamin B regularly. The need for vitamin B is increased by pregnancy and lactation. Deficiency has been recognized in infants of vegetarian mothers who were breast fed, even though the mothers had no symptoms of deficiency at the time.
Laboratory Tests:
Hematocrit, reticulocyte count, vitamin B, folate and iron levels should be obtained prior to treatment. Hematocrit and reticulocyte counts should be repeated daily from the fifth to seventh days of therapy and then frequently until the hematocrit is normal. If folate levels are low, folic acid should also be administered. If reticulocytes have not increased after treatment or if reticulocyte counts do not continue at least twice normal as long as the hematocrit is less than 35%, diagnosis or treatment should be reevaluated. Repeat determinations of iron and folic acid may reveal a complicating illness that might inhibit the response of the marrow.
Patients with pernicious anemia have about 3 times the incidence of carcinoma of the stomach as the general population, so appropriate tests for this condition should be carried out when indicated.
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions:
12
Colchicine para-aminosalicylic acid and heavy alcohol intake for longer than 2 weeks may produce malabsorption of vitamin B.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:
Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C:
12
12
Nursing Mothers:
12
12
Pediatric Use:
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Overdosage:
No overdosage has been reported with this drug.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Dosage And Administration:
Avoid using the intravenous route. Use of this product intravenously will result in almost all of the vitamin being lost in the urine.
Pernicious Anemia:
12
Patients with Normal Intestinal Absorption:
12
The flushing dose is 1000 mcg.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) How Supplied:
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Injection, USP 1000 mcg/mL
Boxes of 1x5 UD 05 NDC 63739-476-05
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin)
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin)
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Package Display Panel
LABEL TEXT
NDC 63739-476-05
Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) Injection, USP1000 mcg / mL
UD 05 Injections (1x5)
Rx Only
Each mL Contains:Cyanocobalamin (Cyanocobalamin) 1000 mcg, Benzyl Alcohol 1.5%, Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Water for Injection q.s. pH adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide. Contains no more than 625 mcg/L of aluminum.WARNING: PROTECT FROM LIGHT.Store at 20°-25°C (68° -77°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature).
Directions for use: See package insert.
Keep this and all medications out of the reach of children.
Mfg. By: American Regent, Inc. Shirley, NY 11967
Dist. By McKesson Packaging Concord, NC 28027
LS-476-05-M73-01-A