Avage Information
Avage (Tazarotene)
Avage (Tazarotene) Description
Avage (Tazarotene) Clinical Pharmacology:
Tazarotene is a retinoid prodrug which is converted to its active form, the cognate carboxylic acid of tazarotene (AGN 190299), by rapid deesterification in animals and man. AGN 190299 (“tazarotenic acid”) binds to all three members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) family: RARα RARβ, and RARγ, but shows relative selectivity for RARβ, and RARγ and may modify gene expression. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown.
The mechanism of tazarotene action in the amelioration of fine wrinkling, facial mottled hypo- and hyperpigmentation, and benign facial lentigines is unknown. A histological study of tazarotene cream 0.1% applied in subjects with fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation but otherwise normal skin for 24 weeks showed that tazarotene cream was associated with significantly greater proportions of patients who had an increase from baseline in the number of granular cell layers and in epidermal edema. The clinical significance of these changes is unknown.
Avage (Tazarotene) Indications And Usage:
Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream 0.1% is indicated as an adjunctive agent for use in the mitigation (palliation) of facial fine wrinkling, facial mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation, and benign facial lentigines in patients who use comprehensive skin care and sunlight avoidance programs.
Avage (Tazarotene) Contraindications:
Retinoids may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
In rats, tazarotene 0.05% gel administered during gestation days 6 through 17 at 0.25 mg/kg/day resulted in reduced fetal body weights and reduced skeletal ossification. Rabbits dosed with 0.25 mg/kg/day tazarotene gel during gestation days 6 through 18 were noted with single incidences of known retinoid malformations, including spina bifida, hydrocephaly, and heart anomalies.
Systemic exposure (AUC) to tazarotenic acid at topical doses of 0.25 mg/kg/day tazarotene in a gel formulation in rats and rabbits represented 2.4 and 26 times, respectively, the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
As with other retinoids, when tazarotene was given to experimental animals, developmental delays were seen in rats, and teratogenic effects and post-implantation loss were observed in rats and rabbits at doses producing 2.1 and 52 times, respectively, the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
In a study of the effect of oral tazarotene on fertility and early embryonic development in rats, decreased number of implantation sites, decreased litter size, decreased number of live fetuses, and decreased fetal body weights, all classic developmental effects of retinoids, were observed when female rats were administered 2 mg/kg/day from 15 days before mating through gestation day 7. A low incidence of retinoid-related malformations at that dose were reported to be related to treatment. That dose produced an AUC that was 6.7 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for signs of fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
Systemic exposure to tazarotenic acid is dependent upon the extent of the body surface area treated. IN PATIENTS TREATED TOPICALLY OVER SUFFICIENT BODY SURFACE AREA, EXPOSURE COULD BE IN THE SAME ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AS IN THESE ORALLY TREATED ANIMALS. As a retinoid, tazarotene is a teratogenic substance, and it is not known what level of exposure is required for teratogenicity in humans. However, there may be less systemic exposure in the treatment of the face alone, due to less surface area for application (see ).
There were thirteen reported pregnancies in patients who participated in clinical trials for topical tazarotene. Nine of the patients were found to have been treated with topical tazarotene, and the other four had been treated with vehicle. One of the patients who was treated with tazarotene cream elected to terminate the pregnancy for non-medical reasons unrelated to treatment. The other eight pregnant women who were inadvertently exposed to topical tazarotene during clinical trials subsequently delivered apparently healthy babies. As the exact timing and extent of exposure in relation to the gestation times are not certain, the significance of these findings is unknown.
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, treatment should be discontinued and the patient apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Women of child-bearing potential should be warned of the potential risk and use adequate birth-control measures when Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream is used. The possibility that a woman of child-bearing potential is pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered. A negative result for pregnancy test having a sensitivity down to at least 50 mIU/mL for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) should be obtained within 2 weeks prior to Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream therapy, which should begin during a normal menstrual period (See also ).
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream is contraindicated in individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components.
Avage (Tazarotene) Precautions:
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream should be applied only to the affected areas. For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and mouth. If contact with eyes occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.
Retinoids should not be used on eczematous skin, as they may cause severe irritation. Because of heightened burning susceptibility, exposure to sunlight (including sunlamps) should be avoided unless deemed medically necessary, and in such cases, exposure should be minimized during the use of Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream. Patients must be warned to use sunscreens (minimum SPF of 15) and protective clothing when using Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream. Patients with sunburn should be advised not to use Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream until fully recovered.
Patients who may have considerable sun exposure due to their occupation and those patients with inherent sensitivity to sunlight should exercise particular caution when using Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream and ensure that the precautions outlined in the Information for Patients subsection are observed.
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream should be administered with caution if the patient is also taking drugs known to be photosensitizers (e.g., thiazides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, phenothiazines, sulfonamides) because of the increased possibility of augmented photosensitivity.
Some individuals may experience excessive pruritus, burning, skin redness or peeling. If these effects occur, the medication should either be discontinued until the integrity of the skin is restored, or the dosing should be reduced to an interval the patient can tolerate. However, efficacy at reduced frequency of application has not been established. Weather extremes, such as wind or cold, may be more irritating to patients using Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream.
Some facial pigmented lesions are not lentigines, but rather lentigo maligna, a type of melanoma. Facial pigmented lesions of concern should be carefully assessed by a qualified physician (e.g. dermatologist ) before application of Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream. Lentigo maligna should not be treated with Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream.
Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream 0.1% is to be used as described below when used for treatment of facial fine wrinkling, mottled hypo- and hyperpigmentation, and benign facial lentigines, unless otherwise directed by your physician:
Please refer to the Patient Package Insert for additional patient information.
A long term study of tazarotene following oral administration of 0.025, 0.050, and 0.125 mg/kg/day to rats showed no indications of increased carcinogenic risks. Based on pharmacokinetic data from a shorter term study in rats, the highest dose of 0.125 mg/kg/day was anticipated to give systemic exposure in the rat equivalent to 1.4 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
In evaluation of photo co-carcinogenicity, median time to onset of tumors was decreased, and the number of tumors increased in hairless mice following chronic topical dosing with intercurrent exposure to ultraviolet radiation at tazarotene concentrations of 0.001%, 0.005%, and 0.01% in a gel formulation for up to 40 weeks.
A long-term topical application study of up to 0.1% tazarotene in a gel formulation in mice terminated at 88 weeks showed that dose levels of 0.05, 0.125, 0.25, and 1.0 mg/kg/day (reduced to 0.5 mg/kg/day for males after 41 weeks due to severe dermal irritation) revealed no apparent carcinogenic effects when compared to vehicle control animals; untreated control animals were not completely evaluated. Systemic exposure (AUC) at the highest dose was 7.8 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
Tazarotene was found to be non-mutagenic in the Ames assays using Salmonella and and did not produce structural chromosomal aberrations in a human lymphocyte assay. Tazarotene was also non-mutagenic in the CHO/HGPRT mammalian cell forward gene mutation assay and was non-clastogenic in the mouse micronucleus test.
No impairment of fertility occurred in rats when male animals were treated for 70 days prior to mating and female animals were treated for 14 days prior to mating and continuing through gestation and lactation with topical doses of tazarotene gel up to 0.125 mg/kg/day. Based on data from another study, the systemic drug exposure in the rat would be equivalent to 1.2 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
No impairment of mating performance or fertility was observed in male rats treated for 70 days prior to mating with oral doses of up to 1.0 mg/kg/day tazarotene. That dose produced an AUC that was 3.7 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
No effect on parameters of mating performance or fertility was observed in female rats treated for 15 days prior to mating and continuing through day 7 of gestation with oral doses of tazarotene up to 2.0 mg/kg/day. However, there was a significant decrease in the number of estrous stages and an increase in developmental effects at that dose (see ). That dose produced an AUC that was 6.7 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for signs of fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
Reproductive capabilities of F1 animals, including F2 survival and development, were not affected by topical administration of tazarotene gel to female F0 parental rats from gestation day 16 through lactation day 20 at the maximum tolerated dose of 0.125 mg/kg/day. Based on data from another study, the systemic drug exposure in the rat would be equivalent to 1.2 times the maximum AUC in patients treated with 2 mg/cm of tazarotene cream 0.1% over 15% body surface area for fine wrinkling and mottled hyperpigmentation.
Avage (Tazarotene) Adverse Reactions:
In human dermal safety studies, tazarotene 0.05% and 0.1% creams did not induce allergic contact sensitization, phototoxicity or photoallergy.
The most frequent treatment-related adverse reactions (≥5%) reported during the clinical trials with Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream 0.1% in the treatment of facial fine wrinkling, mottled hypo- and hyperpigmentation, and benign facial lentigines were limited to the skin. Those occurring in >10%, in descending order, included: desquamation, erythema, burning sensation, and dry skin. Events occurring in ≥1% to ≤10% of patients, in descending order included: skin irritation, pruritus, irritant contact dermatitis, stinging, acne, rash or cheilitis. Common adverse events observed in the clinical trials are presented in the following table:
A few patients reported adverse events at Week 0; however, for patients who were treated with Avage (Tazarotene) ® the highest number of new reports for each adverse event was at Week 2.
When combining data from the two pivotal studies, 5.3% of patients in the tazarotene cream group and 0.9% of patients in the vehicle group discontinued due to adverse events.
Overall, 20/567 (3.5%) patients in the Avage (Tazarotene) ® (TAZAROTENE) Cream 0.1% group and 16/564 (2.8%) patients in the vehicle group reported adverse events (including edema, irritation, and inflammation) directly related to the eye or eyelid. The majority of these conditions were mild.
Avage (Tazarotene) Overdosage:
Excessive topical use of Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream 0.1% may lead to marked redness, peeling, or discomfort (see ).
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream 0.1% is not for oral use. Oral ingestion of the drug may lead to the same adverse effects as those associated with excessive oral intake of Vitamin A (hypervitaminosis A) or other retinoids. If oral ingestion occurs, the patient should be monitored and appropriate supportive measures should be administered as necessary.
Avage (Tazarotene) How Supplied:
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream is available in a concentrations of 0.1%. It is available in a collapsible aluminum tube with a tamper-evident aluminum membrane over the opening and a white polypropylene screw cap, in a 30g size.
Avage (Tazarotene) ® Cream 0.1%30 gm NDC 0023-9236-30
Store at 25°C (77°F).Excursions permitted from -5° to 30°C (23° to 86°F).
® Marks owned by Allergan, Inc. U.S. Patent Number 5,089,5099087X
ALLERGAN Irvine, California 92612, USA May 2004©2004 Allergan, Inc. 71568US12M
Printed in USA
